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The expansion of the city limits was extensive. Not only were new towns of Hlaingthaya, Shwepyitha, New Dagon, Shwe Paukkan, Webargi, and Pauktalauk created but areas from the adjacent townships of Hmawbi, Hlegu, Thanlyin, Twantay, Htantabin incorporated. South and North Dagon were partitioned into four townships and the incorporated area increased. Presently the Yangon city territorial limits cover an area of 236.342 square miles and contain a population of over 5 million.
The expansion of city limits and the creation of several new towns required the building of new roads and the extension of existing ones. At the same time all roads needed tarring and upgrading. Yangon city roads generally ran north-south; now more lateral roads running east-west were required. These were laid down such as the long Parami Road. New linkages wee created with markets, housing estates, industrial zones, commercial centres, amusement parks and resorts. Most important, new arteries had to be opened for traffic entering Yangon without passing through the Htaukkyan hub but driving straight into the new towns or the new commercial centres.
No 1 Highway, the main entry into Yangon was expanded to a six-lane highway.
No 2 Highway which was the original exit to the Mandalay Road was expanded to 22 feet. It provides direct entry to the suburban and penurban areas of South Okkalapa,Thingangyun, Thaketa, North and South Dagon, Thuwanna and Tamwe, besides gaining access to the townships across the Yangon River.
No 3 Highway diverted from the Yangon-Mandalay highway enables vehicles to go straight toPale,North and South Okkalapa, Thuwana and Thaketa.It also connects to townships south of the Yangon River.
No 4 Highway takes the western route through Hlawgar, Shwepyitha, Danyingon to directly reach the commercial centre of Bayinnaung.
No 5 Highway exits Yangon across the Bayinnaung Bridge over the western Hlaing River to Hlaingthaya resettlements and the industrial zone. It is also the artery which goes into the Ayeyawady Delta right through to Pathein at the tip of Myanmar’s western coast and also joins up with the western highway which runs between the western hills and the Ayeyawady River all the way up to Monywa, north-west of Mandalay.
No 6 Highway goes over the Thanlyin bridge to Thanlyin, the industrial zone and new port at Thilawa and to the agricultural lands of Khayan and Thongwa.
What may be termed the No 7 Highway is a new bypass road which runs parallel to the Yangon-Pyay railway line , passes by Bayinnaung Centre and debouches into the wards of west Yangon.
The citizens of Yangon did not just stand by and look upon these activities. They formed their own street committees and set about upgrading the streets in their own wards. YCDC provided the seed money, coming to about one third of the cost. Now, not only the main streets but the side-streets are also being upgraded.
The streets are illuminated with neon lights while the main roads such as U Wisara Road , Kaba Aye Pagoda Road and Pyay Road are illuminated with sodium lights.
Traffic flow is continuous in downtown Yangon. In order not to disturb the flow and to protect pedestrians, overhead pedestrian bridges have been built over the main roads in the busiest sections of the city. Additionally, overpasses have been built for vehicular traffic over railway lines in the centre of Yangon and at Insein, Tamwe, Thingangyun and on Hanthawady Road.
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The main city of Yangon is located on a peninsula surrounded by Pazundaung Creek and Bago River in the east, the Yangon River in the south and the Hlaing River in the west. The townships of Dabein and Thaketa are virtually on an island. Most new towns and extended areas lie across water from the city proper. Bridges are required.
The Thanlyin Bridge is a rail and road bridge built with the economic cooperation of the Peoples Republic of China. It is 9641.22 feet long and spans the Bago River just before its confluence with the Pazundaung Creek and Yangon River. It is especially important because
it opens up the Thilawa industrial zone and container port.
The Bayinnaung Bridge was built entirely by Myanmar engineers and goes over the Hlaing River to open up the whole of the Delta. It is a busy bridge because the products of the Delta are conveyed over this bridge.
Bridges connect Dagon new town to Mayangon, Mingaladon and Shwe Paukkan. Thuwanna bridge connects the townships of Thingangyun and Tamwe to Dawbon Myothit. A new bridge is under survey for direct connection between Shwepyithar and Hlaingthaya.
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Markets in the city had begun to run down, were disorganised and becoming unhygienic. It was vital for the health and wellbeing of the citizens for new markets to replace them. Altogether 27 new markets were constructed in the townships. The dilapidated Theingyizay D was replaced by a new market , the City Central Plaza, of eight storeys, and for the first time parking for cars was available above street level. The Plaza contained not only shops but also cineplexes, restaurants and halls for wedding receptions and other functions.
Private enterprise also set up popular supermarkets and department stores. Boutiques and stores also sprang up and for the convenience of the citizens local kitchen
marts and mini markets found their way into all the neighbourhoods.
Ministries responsible for food production such as the Agriculture Ministry and the Livestock and Fisheries Ministry added to the supply by opening outlets. The Government Employees Cooperative also contributed.
In the activity of installing new markets in place of old ones there was one market that was left untouched. This was the Bogyoke Aung San Market which was preserved as an example of colonial architecture.
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Highrise five- star hotels, hotels of lesser rank, motels and inns sprang up everywhere to cater to the tourists who were expected to visit the country which had yet been untouched by global culture. Apart from the exotic aspect there was the attraction of Bagan where ancient temples of the eleventh and twelfth centuries are still preserved together with the murals and wall paintings.The greenery of the towns and cities and the grace of the people aroused in whoever had the chance to come upon them to wish to repeat the visit.
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Greenery is everywhere: the foliage of trees and the colours of flowering bushes. YCDC makes a conscious effort to plant trees and keep the city green.
July is Tree-planting Month and everybody participates to plant trees. There are parks in nearly every township, 56 in all. And there are the seven big parks each of over 20 acres. The Hlawga Wildlife Park is a nature reserve.Yangon is blessed with three large sheets of water: Hlawga Lake, Inya Lake and Royal Lake.There is also the waterfront. Advantage is taken of this waterfront by the Seikkantha Resort and Amusement Park. Golf is a popular game and YCDC has set up a City Golf Resort where you can play and recreate yourself.
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Shwedagon, " the fairest place that is in the world " sheds its radiance over the city of Yangon. It stands on its Hill, not as an edifice for pride but as a reminder of the compassion of Buddha for all sentient beings. Shwedagon is old but its appurtenances are new. All four stairways which have developed cracks in some sections of the roofs and columns have been replaced. Now products of Myanmar art and handicraft embellish the spandels of the stairways and those of the devotional halls and prayer pavilions. However, in the new and glorious surroundings the ancient ambience of peace is still there and all pilgrims and visitors alike are touched by it.
Sule Pagoda is a monument in the middle of the business centre of Yangon. It used to be a dangerous trip trying to reach the pagoda while dodgeing the traffic which swirled around it. Now a pedestrian bridge renders it safe for a pilgrim to reach one of Yangon’s oldest pagodas.
Botatung Pagoda inserts gold into the waterfront skyline. This pagoda too is old. Some say that the Sacred Hairs that are enshrined in the Shwedagon disembarked here after the voyage from Budh Gaya in India.The environs of the pagoda too have changd with the addition of many new buildings.
Kaba Aye Pagoda still stands beside the man-made Maha Pasana Guha where the Sixth Synod was held for the redaction of the Buddhist Canon.
The whole hill now looks different with new buildings added, including the Pariyatti University for monks and the large Dhammayon or assembly prayer hall.
Maha Wizaya Zedi, approachable from the south side of Shwedagon over a pedestrian bridge is still new with its wonders. The Tatmadaw Dhammayon is a lovely structure dedicated to the Three Gems of Buddha, Dhamma and Sangha.
The shrine for the Sacred Tooth is an imposing structure. An institute for advanced Theravada Buddhist studies is rising in its vicinity.
The Yangon University campus, one of the most extensive in this region now possesses a fitting new edifice to commemmorate the Diamond Jubilee of the founding of the University.A totally new campus has been established in New Dagon with a full complement of buildings. Not far are the imposing units of the University of Culture.
The Institute of Nursing is another complex which beautifies an area which one faced the ugly walls of Yangon jail.
Educational buildings are not restricted to these grand institutions. New, modern buildings for primary and secondary schools have been constructed with the generous donations of the citizens, foreigners who wish to demonstrate their love of this country, Ministry of Education and YCDC.
Ministry buildings,banks, commercial towers, conference centres, office complexes, condominiums, shopping plazas have all helped to create a new Yangon.
The cityscape of Yangon has changed dramatically. From the air one can see from horizon to horizon a carpet of green with the occasional golden sheen of pagodas, tall buildings of various colours above the foliage, ribbons of blacktops going straight as an arrow or taking the curves, and the sparkle from sheets of water.
Aproaching by cruise liner on the river one sees the buildings of highrise dwellers, the work of innovative entrepreneurs or busy captains of commerce. Heavy duty cranes are busy in the container yards and perky ferries criss-cross the river.
Leave the airport and drive through embankments of well-tended grass to come upon a bold specimen of modern architecture on the right , an extensive park with plants and pools on the left and a tip-top hotel in front. Pass the Inya Lake whose name means" long lake", and note the trees which almost hide the flower beds which form a design of scrollwork on the embankment. Then follows the lengthy ride past the University campus. If the traffic lights are favourable there will be no waiting at the intersection of five roads. Then drive along the clean wide roadway divided by neem trees. The air is drenched with the fragrance of tropical foliage and the heady scent of frangipani. Raise the eyes then to a view of Shwedagon on its high hill, and suddenly there is a crowd of vehicles around you as you enter downtown Yangon.
Visiting Yangon is like entering a new land of the eye, a new approach of the mind, a new awareness of the nearness of nature and a new field of perception.
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