| Education Category Listing |
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Administration of Education
The administration process throughout the education sectors is centralized. The
education process is also centralized; but decentralization of control and
responsibility has been developed and community participation is active.
Educational decisions and initiatives are largely the province of central
ministerial departments.
ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE
The Ministry of Education is functionally the main sponer of education and
training, especially in the areas of basic education. under the Ministry of Education,
- Department of Basic Education (DBF)
- Department of Higher Education (DHE)
- Department of Myanmar Board of Examination( MERB)
- Department of Myanmar language Commission.
As regards decision making process at the ministry level; a special coordination Committee is formed with Directors General and chairmen of five departments as
members in addition to the Minister and the two Deputy Ministers Decisions made
at these Committee meetings are implemented by responsible personnel at different levels.
DBE, DHE and MERB function in accordance with the directives of the following statutory
bodies and organs.
Under the Ministry of Education, there are ten departments, viz
- Department of Basic Education No. (1)
- Department of Basic Education No. (2)
- Department of Basic Education No.(3)
- Department of Basic Education Planning and training
- Department of Higher Education ( Lower Myanmar)
- Department of Higher Education ( Upper Myanmar)
- Myanmar Board of Examinations
- Myanmar Education Research Bureau
- Department of Myanmar Language Commission
- University Historical Research Center
Basic Education
The administration and management of Basic Education is undertaken by the three Departments of Basic Education and the Departments of Education
planning and Training. The departments are responsible for matters concerning
primary education, secondary education ( middle school and high school), the
inspection and supervision of schools, educational planning and project
Management and student affairs. The 19 educational colleges are under the
administration of the Department of Education planning and Training but academically
5 are afflicted to the two Ministry of Education which are under the
administration of the Departments of Higher Education.
Basic Education(1999-2000)
| Primary |
Schools |
37,627 |
|
Teachers |
153,663 |
|
School children |
4838,693 |
| Middle |
Schools |
3,695 |
|
Teachers |
55,982 |
|
School children |
1709,986 |
| High |
Schools |
1,572 |
|
Teachers |
15,758 |
|
School children |
638,605 |
Structure of Basic Education
Structure
| Age |
5+ |
6+ |
7+ |
8+ |
9+ |
10+ |
11+ |
12+ |
13+ |
14+ |
15+ |
Higher Education |
| Grade |
kg |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
10 |
| Primary 5 |
Middle 4 |
High 2 |
THE AIMS OF BASIC EDUCATION
- To enable every citizen of the Union of Myanmar to become a physical and mental worker well equipped with basic education, good health and moral character;
- To lay foundation for vocational education for Benefit of the Union of Myanmar;
- To give precedence to the teaching of science capable of strengenthering and developing productive forces;
- To give precedence to the teaching of arts capable of
preservation and development of culture, fine arts and literature of the state; and
- To lay a firm and sound educational foundation for the
further pursuance of University Education.
HIGHER EDUCATION
Due to the major changes in higher education with the enactment of the University Education Law 1964 and 1973 respectively the existing unitary system of
higher education the form of the University of Rangoon (Yangon) and the
University of Mandalay ceased to exist and numerous University level institutes
acme into existence. In order to administer and the work of these
institutions, the Office of Universities Administration was formed. In
1972 it was renamed the Department of Higher Education . The Department is
thus the executive branch of the Ministry of Education with the responsibility
for administration and coordination of higher education institutions. Academic
and administrative policy matters relating to higher education are managed by
the two Councils chaired by the Minister of Education. These are :
- the Universities' Central Council and
- the Council of Universities Academic Bodies
The Universities' Central Council is mainly responsible for the forming of broad
policy and coordination of the work of universities and Colleges while the
responsibility of the Council of University Academic Board lies in the adoption
of all academic regulations and coordination of all academic work.
Tertiary Education Institutions
There are 58 Tertiary Education Institutions under the Ministry of
Education. They are as follows:
| Institute of Economics |
2 |
| Institute of Education |
2 |
| Art and Science Universities |
16 |
| Artsand Science Degree Colleges ( 4 Years) |
9 |
| Arts and Science Colleges ( 2 Years) |
10 |
| Education Colleges |
19 |
| Total |
58 |
There are also 47 Tertiary Education Institutions under other Ministries and the
Public Service Selection
and training Board. For instance, The Ministry of Health is responsible for
medical education and other health- related
educations. The Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation is responsible for the
Institute and the Ministry of Livestock breeding
and fisheries are responsible for their respective institutions. The Ministry of
Forestry, the university
of the Development of National Races is administered by the Public Services
Selection and Training Board, the Dragon Colleges of Nationalities
Youth Resource Development are administered by the Ministry of Progress of
Border Areas and national Races Development Affairs. Since 1994, new cooperation
colleges and regional cooperative college have been opened by the Ministry
of Cooperative.
The Ministry of
Defense established the Defense Services Institute of Medicine and
in 1993, the defense Services Institute of engineering were further
established.
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